OPTIMALISASI PEKARANGAN RUMAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN SAYURAN MASYARAKAT YOBOI KEHIRAN KABUPATEN JAYAPURA

Pemanfaatan pekarangan di rumah berpotensi menjadi sumber pangan serta gizi keluarga. Sayur-sayuran menjadi salah satu tanaman yang cocok dikembangkan di pekarangan rumah tanpa harus melakukan perjalanan yang jauh ke lahan perkebunan dengan luasan yang lebih besar untuk mengembangkan tanaman sayuran. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah ceramah dan FGD. Masyarakat kampung Yoboi Kehiran I sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan PKM, dimana mereka sangat merespon dengan baik apa yang disampaikan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan secara aktif bertanya dan menyampaikan pendapat. Hampir sekitar 60% dari masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan PKM telah memanfaatkan pekarangan mereka dalam pengembangan tanaman sayuran. Setelah mengikuti kegiatan PKM tersebut, maka masyarakat telah berkomitmen untuk mengoptimalkan pekarangan mereka masing-masing dalam pengembangan tanaman sayuran agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa komitmen yang telah disepakati sejak kegiatan pelatihan dilaksanakan ternyata diwujudkan dengan adanya kegiatan persemaian dan penanaman. Hingga kini, beberapa kepala keluarga (KK) telah berhasil melakukan penanaman dan menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Bahkan beberapa jenis sayuran tertentu sudah sampai pada tahapan pemanenan

IMPLEMENTASI MATERI EKOLOGI HEWAN PADA PRAKTIKUM PENGAMATAN POPULASI BURUNG CENDERAWASIH

Kawasan hutan Isyo Hills Kampung Rhepang Muaif merupakan kawasan konservasi in-situ yang didalamnya tersimpan berbagai taksa hewan diantaranya burung Cenderawasih. Kawasan ini menjadi unik dan memiliki manfaat yang sangat baik bagi habitat di dalamnya karena telah dikelola secara baik dan profesional. Keunikan spesies dan keberadaan kawasan yang baik bagi habitatnya menjadi pilihan sebagai tempat pelaksanaan praktikum dan merupakan bagian dari kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. Kegiatan praktikum atau PKM ini diikuti oleh 35 orang mahasiswa dan 1 orang dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Cenderawasih. Kegiatan ini memiliki tujuan yang sangat baik yaitu sebagai implementasi materi Ekologi Hewan yang telah diperoleh selama perkuliahan. Dalam pelaksanaan praktikum ini, tentunya ada penerapan metode jelajah dan titik point yang digunakan untuk mengamati keberadaan satwa burung Cenderawasih. Data yang dapat dikumpulkan dari hasil pengamatan menemukan 1 individu Cenderawasih Dua Belas Antena (Seleucidis melanoleuca), 1 individu jantan dan 1 individu betina Cenderawasih Kuning (Paradisaea minor) dan 2 individu Cenderawasih Paruh Sabit Paruh Putih (Drepanornis bruijnii). Kegiatan praktikum ini menunjukkan bahwa kawasan hutan Isyo Hills kampung Rhepang Muaif sebagai kawasan konservasi in-situ sangat baik untuk keberlangsungan 3 spesies burung Cenderawasih yang hidup di dalamnya

Mitochondrial Damage in the Trabecular Meshwork Occurs Only in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma appears to be induced by the malfunction of the trabecular meshwork cells due to injury induced by oxidative damage and mitochondrial impairment. Here, we report that, in fact, we have detected mitochondrial damage only in primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma, among several glaucoma types compared.Mitochondrial damage was evaluated by analyzing the common mitochondrial DNA deletion by real-time PCR in trabecular meshwork specimens collected at surgery from glaucomatous patients and controls. Glaucomatous patients included 38 patients affected by various glaucoma types: primary open-angle, pigmented, juvenile, congenital, pseudoexfoliative, acute, neovascular, and chronic closed-angle glaucoma. As control samples, we used 16 specimens collected from glaucoma-free corneal donors. Only primary open-angle glaucoma (3.0-fold) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (6.3-fold) showed significant increases in the amount of mitochondrial DNA deletion. In all other cases, deletion was similar to controls.despite the fact that the trabecular meshwork is the most important tissue in the physiopathology of aqueous humor outflow in all glaucoma types, the present study provides new information regarding basic physiopathology of this tissue: only in primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucomas oxidative damage arising from mitochondrial failure play a role in the functional decay of trabecular meshwork

Evidence for the Emergence of New Rice Types of Interspecific Hybrid Origin in West African Farmers' Fields

In West Africa two rice species (Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza sativa L.) co-exist. Although originally it was thought that interspecific hybridization is impossible without biotechnological methods, progenies of hybridization appear to occur in farmer fields

Structured cost analysis of robotic TME resection for rectal cancer:a comparison between the da Vinci Si and Xi in a single surgeon's experience

Background: Robotic-assisted surgery by the da Vinci Si appears to benefit rectal cancer surgery in selected patients, but still has some limitations, one of which is its high costs. Preliminary studies have indicated that the use of the new da Vinci Xi provides some added advantages, but their impact on cost is unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare surgical outcomes and costs of rectal cancer resection by the two platforms, in a single surgeon’s experience. Methods: From April 2010 to April 2017, 90 robotic rectal resections were performed, with either the da Vinci Si (Si-RobTME) or the da Vinci Xi (Xi-RobTME). Based on CUSUM analysis, two comparable groups of 40 consecutive Si-RobTME and 40 consecutive Xi-RobTME were obtained from the prospectively collected database and used for the present retrospective comparative study. Data costs were analysed based on the level of experience on the proficiency–gain curve (p–g curve) by the surgeon with each platform. Results: In both groups, two homogeneous phases of the p–g curve were identified: Si1 and Xi1: cases 1–19, Si2 and Xi2: cases 20–40. A significantly higher number of full RAS operations were achieved in the Xi-RobTME group (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in operating time (OT) during Si2 and Xi2 phase was observed (p < 0.001), accompanied by reduced overall variable costs (OVC), personnel costs (PC) and consumable costs (CC) (p < 0.001). All costs were lower in the Xi2 phase compared to Si2 phase: OT 265 versus 290 min (p = 0.052); OVC 7983 versus 10231.9 (p = 0.009); PC 1151.6 versus 1260.2 (p = 0.052), CC 3464.4 versus 3869.7 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our experience confirms a significant reduction of costs with increasing surgeon’s experience with both platforms. However, the economic gain was higher with the Xi with shorter OT, reduced PC and CC, in addition to a significantly larger number of cases performed by the fully robotic approach

Implementing academic detailing for breast cancer screening in underserved communities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>African American and Hispanic women, such as those living in the northern Manhattan and the South Bronx neighborhoods of New York City, are generally underserved with regard to breast cancer prevention and screening practices, even though they are more likely to die of breast cancer than are other women. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are critical for the recommendation of breast cancer screening to their patients. Academic detailing is a promising strategy for improving PCP performance in recommending breast cancer screening, yet little is known about the effects of academic detailing on breast cancer screening among physicians who practice in medically underserved areas. We assessed the effectiveness of an enhanced, multi-component academic detailing intervention in increasing recommendations for breast cancer screening within a sample of community-based urban physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two medically underserved communities were matched and randomized to intervention and control arms. Ninety-four primary care community (<it>i.e</it>., not hospital based) physicians in northern Manhattan were compared to 74 physicians in the South Bronx neighborhoods of the New York City metropolitan area. Intervention participants received enhanced physician-directed academic detailing, using the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of breast cancer. Control group physicians received no intervention. We conducted interviews to measure primary care physicians' self-reported recommendation of mammography and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and whether PCPs taught women how to perform breast self examination (BSE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using multivariate analyses, we found a statistically significant intervention effect on the recommendation of CBE to women patients age 40 and over; mammography and breast self examination reports increased across both arms from baseline to follow-up, according to physician self-report. At post-test, physician involvement in additional educational programs, enhanced self-efficacy in counseling for prevention, the routine use of chart reminders, computer- rather than paper-based prompting and tracking approaches, printed patient education materials, performance targets for mammography, and increased involvement of nursing and other office staff were associated with increased screening.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found some evidence of improvement in breast cancer screening practices due to enhanced academic detailing among primary care physicians practicing in urban underserved communities.</p

Genetic polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk

INTRODUCTION: The association between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and breast cancer risk remains unclear. Inconsistencies in previously reported findings may be partly due to differences in expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms (COX-2 .926, COX-2 .5209, and COX-2 .8473) may reduce overall breast cancer risk or risk for subtypes of breast cancer by modulating the inflammatory response and may interact with aspirin or any NSAID use. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, case-control study in which we genotyped 1,067 breast cancer cases and 1,110 control individuals included in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. RESULTS: No major effects of the three COX-2 variant alleles on breast cancer risk were found. A total of eight distinct haplotypes and 18 diplotypes were observed in the population. Overall, no significant associations between COX-2 haplotypes/diplotypes and breast cancer risk were observed. Among women who used aspirin or any NSAID there was little evidence for an interaction with the at-risk COX-2 genotypes, with one exception. Among women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer, the reduced risk for any NSAID use was only evident among those who had at least one variant C allele of COX-2 .8473 (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval = 0.5 to 1.0; P for the interaction = 0.02). There was no corresponding interaction for aspirin use, possibly because of limited power. CONCLUSION: These data provide modest evidence that the C allele of COX-2 .8473 may interact with NSAIDs to reduce risk for hormone receptor positive breast cancer